Part C Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or
farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread
desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was
a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature
showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the
choir
boys
of
St.
Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
46.BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.考点：宾语从句，并列，介词短语做后置定语：
参考译文：到他出生时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消失，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动／启发下，许多其他戏剧形式被创造了出来／应运而生。47.noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.考点：正话反说／双否＝肯定，宾从，定从，并列参考译文：任何上文法学校的学生／男孩儿都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，不仅带给了古希腊古罗马荣耀，也可能为英格兰带来荣誉。48.Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.考点：介词短语做后置定语，动词＋A＋as+B参考译文：但是专业公司的永久戏院兴旺了起来，而大学里有文学抱负的人很快就把目光转向这些剧院，把它们看作是一种谋生的手段。49.Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.考点：词义选择；省略，指代参考译文：一种本土的文学戏剧形式诞生了／被创造了出来，并与公共戏院结成联盟，而且这种本土戏剧形式至少有一些优良传统开始出现／登上历史舞台。50.Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.考点：宾语从句；并列；therebe句型；定语从句参考译文：为了理解戏剧活动有多么伟大，我们还必须铭记，大量的剧作已经遗失，而且很有可能没有哪位著名的剧作家所有作品都流传了下来／得到了保留／所有知名剧作家的戏剧作品都或多或少有所遗失。