Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to
read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad much of the medical
literature frequently was. I came to recognize various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that
8purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more
likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great
deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the
lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad
Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this
intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad
science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is
important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a
kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to
have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only
10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.
(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate
some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is
the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in
the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than
one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can
easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in
return for similar favors.
Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or
journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the
long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be
quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and
reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science
46. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by
broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary
enthusiasms.
【句型分析】摘出主干：There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense。which 引导定语从
句修饰 this kind of nonsense；when 引导状语从句，且形式是状语从句的省略，省略了
主语和系动词：this kind of nonsense is；介词短语 in the medical journals 作状语；health
scares 和 short-lived dietary enthusiasms 是并列结构，做动词 generates 的宾语。
【参考译文】医学期刊中存在大量这种无稽之谈，这些东西一经广播和非专业报刊的
传播，就会引发健康方面的恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。
47. nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of
papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.
【句型分析】摘出主干：anyone has to have published twice the number of papers。
applying for 为现在分词做后置定语，修饰 anyone；that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词
papers；twice the number of papers 为比较结构。
【参考译文】如今，任何人想要申请科研岗位所需发表的论文数量是短短十年前同岗
位的两倍。
48. Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some
measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.
【句型分析】摘出主干：Attempts have been made。在句中，不定式 to curb this
tendency 作目的状语。
【参考译文】为遏制这一趋势已经采取了一些措施，比如在对申请人的论文进行评估
时，尝试纳入质量和数量并重的考核标准。
1949. This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite
themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for
similar favors.
【句型分析】本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句为 This would be reasonable；从句为 if
引导的条件状语从句，从句中 that 引导的是同位语从句，从句的主干为“scientists can
arrange to …or get…to do”。该同位语在翻译时，可省去 fact 不译。
【参考译文】如果不是因为科研人员可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己的文
章，或者为了回报类似帮助而让同事这样做，这项措施本该是合理的。
50. If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must
ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.
【句型分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为 we must ensure that。从句为 if 引导的条件状
语从句。在从句中的 ensuring 后为 that 引导的宾语从句；主句中 ensure 后同样为 that
引导的宾语从句。
【参考译文】如果我们真的想确保我们的科学研究是有意义且可复制的，那么我们必
须确保我们的制度可以激励这样的科学研究。